( ! ) Warning: Undefined property: stdClass::$given in D:\wamp64\www\albasirah\plugins\generic\citationStyleLanguage\lib\vendor\seboettg\citeproc-php\src\Rendering\Name\Name.php on line 579
Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0001380592{main}( )...\index.php:0
20.00841137376PKPApplication->execute( )...\index.php:67
30.00851141560Dispatcher->dispatch( $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '236', 'submissionId' => '236']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'albasirah.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } )...\PKPApplication.inc.php:362
40.06212667800PKPPageRouter->route( $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '236', 'submissionId' => '236']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'albasirah.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } )...\Dispatcher.inc.php:144
50.07802679464PKPRouter->_authorizeInitializeAndCallRequest( $serviceEndpoint = [0 => class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { public $article = class Submission { ... }; public $publication = class Publication { ... }; public $issue = class Issue { ... }; public $citationStyle = 'modern-language-association'; public $returnJson = FALSE; protected $_apiToken = NULL; public $_id = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_checks = [...]; public $_roleAssignments = [...]; public $_authorizationDecisionManager = class AuthorizationDecisionManager { ... }; public $_enforceRestrictedSite = TRUE; public $_roleAssignmentsChecked = FALSE; public $_isBackendPage = FALSE }, 1 => 'get'], $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '236', 'submissionId' => '236']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'albasirah.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' }, $args = [0 => 'modern-language-association'], $validate = FALSE )...\PKPPageRouter.inc.php:246
60.07812686240CitationStyleLanguageHandler->get( $args = [0 => 'modern-language-association'], $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '236', 'submissionId' => '236']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'albasirah.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } )...\PKPRouter.inc.php:395
70.11513278624CitationStyleLanguagePlugin->getCitation( $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '236', 'submissionId' => '236']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'albasirah.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' }, $article = class Submission { public $_data = ['id' => 236, 'contextId' => 1, 'currentPublicationId' => 236, 'dateLastActivity' => '2024-08-22 07:23:35', 'dateSubmitted' => '2024-08-22 07:23:35', 'lastModified' => '2024-08-22 07:14:30', 'locale' => 'en_US', 'stageId' => 5, 'status' => 3, 'submissionProgress' => 0, 'publications' => [...]]; public $_hasLoadableAdapters = TRUE; public $_metadataExtractionAdapters = []; public $_extractionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE; public $_metadataInjectionAdapters = []; public $_injectionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE }, $citationStyle = 'modern-language-association', $issue = class Issue { public $_data = ['id' => 6, 'journalId' => 1, 'volume' => 9, 'number' => '02', 'year' => 2020, 'published' => 1, 'current' => 0, 'datePublished' => '2020-12-31 00:00:00', 'lastModified' => '2024-08-22 06:19:17', 'accessStatus' => 1, 'showVolume' => 1, 'showNumber' => 1, 'showYear' => 1, 'showTitle' => 1, 'urlPath' => '', 'title' => [...], 'description' => [...], 'coverImage' => [...]]; public $_hasLoadableAdapters = FALSE; public $_metadataExtractionAdapters = []; public $_extractionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE; public $_metadataInjectionAdapters = []; public $_injectionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE }, $publication = class Publication { public $_data = ['id' => 236, 'accessStatus' => 0, 'datePublished' => '2020-12-31', 'lastModified' => '2024-08-22 07:23:35', 'sectionId' => 5, 'seq' => 6, 'submissionId' => 236, 'status' => 3, 'version' => 1, 'categoryIds' => [...], 'copyrightYear' => 2024, 'issueId' => 6, 'pages' => '', 'pub-id::doi' => '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236', 'abstract' => [...], 'copyrightHolder' => [...], 'prefix' => [...], 'subtitle' => [...], 'title' => [...], 'locale' => 'en_US', 'authors' => [...], 'keywords' => [...], 'subjects' => [...], 'disciplines' => [...], 'languages' => [...], 'supportingAgencies' => [...], 'galleys' => [...]]; public $_hasLoadableAdapters = FALSE; public $_metadataExtractionAdapters = []; public $_extractionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE; public $_metadataInjectionAdapters = []; public $_injectionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE } )...\CitationStyleLanguageHandler.inc.php:45
80.12163335768Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render( $data = [0 => class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { ... }; public $author = [...]; public $issued = class stdClass { ... }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' }], $mode = 'bibliography', $citationItems = ???, $citationAsArray = ??? )...\CitationStyleLanguagePlugin.inc.php:423
90.13053792480Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography( $data = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Data\DataList { private $subsequentAuthorSubstitute = '---'; private $subsequentAuthorSubstituteRule = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Options\SubsequentAuthorSubstituteRule { protected $value = 'complete-all' }; protected $array = [0 => class stdClass { ... }] } )...\CiteProc.php:183
100.13053792480Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render( $data = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Data\DataList { private $subsequentAuthorSubstitute = '---'; private $subsequentAuthorSubstituteRule = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Options\SubsequentAuthorSubstituteRule { protected $value = 'complete-all' }; protected $array = [0 => class stdClass { ... }] }, $citationNumber = ??? )...\CiteProc.php:137
110.13053792480Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render( $data = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Data\DataList { private $subsequentAuthorSubstitute = '---'; private $subsequentAuthorSubstituteRule = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Options\SubsequentAuthorSubstituteRule { protected $value = 'complete-all' }; protected $array = [0 => class stdClass { ... }] }, $citationItems = NULL )...\Bibliography.php:76
120.13053793184Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2020-12-31' }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' }, $citationNumber = 0 )...\Layout.php:97
130.13053793800Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Group->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2020-12-31' }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' }, $citationNumber = 0 )...\Layout.php:130
140.13053794416Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2020-12-31' }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' }, $citationNumber = 0 )...\Group.php:113
150.13053794416Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2020-12-31' }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' } )...\Text.php:118
160.13053794416Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2020-12-31' }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' }, $citationNumber = ??? )...\Text.php:282
170.13063795032Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Names->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2020-12-31' }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' }, $citationNumber = NULL )...\Macro.php:86
180.13063795648Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2020-12-31' }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' }, $var = 'author', $citationNumber = NULL )...\Names.php:210
190.13063795776Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->handleSubsequentAuthorSubstitution( $data = [0 => class stdClass { public $family = 'حافظ محمد حسن محمود' }, 1 => class stdClass { public $family = 'ڈاکٹر الطاف حسین لنگڑیال' }], $citationNumber = NULL )...\Name.php:137
200.13063795776Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->getFormattedNames( $data = [0 => class stdClass { public $family = 'حافظ محمد حسن محمود' }, 1 => class stdClass { public $family = 'ڈاکٹر الطاف حسین لنگڑیال' }] )...\Name.php:424
210.13063795776Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->formatName( $nameItem = class stdClass { public $family = 'حافظ محمد حسن محمود' }, $rank = 0 )...\Name.php:439
220.13063796192Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->getNamesString( $name = class stdClass { public $family = 'حافظ محمد حسن محمود' }, $rank = 0 )...\Name.php:191
230.13063796192Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->nameOrder( $data = class stdClass { public $family = 'حافظ محمد حسن محمود' }, $rank = 0 )...\Name.php:210
( ! ) Warning: Undefined property: stdClass::$given in D:\wamp64\www\albasirah\plugins\generic\citationStyleLanguage\lib\vendor\seboettg\citeproc-php\src\Rendering\Name\Name.php on line 579
Call Stack
#TimeMemoryFunctionLocation
10.0001380592{main}( )...\index.php:0
20.00841137376PKPApplication->execute( )...\index.php:67
30.00851141560Dispatcher->dispatch( $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '236', 'submissionId' => '236']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'albasirah.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } )...\PKPApplication.inc.php:362
40.06212667800PKPPageRouter->route( $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '236', 'submissionId' => '236']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'albasirah.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } )...\Dispatcher.inc.php:144
50.07802679464PKPRouter->_authorizeInitializeAndCallRequest( $serviceEndpoint = [0 => class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { public $article = class Submission { ... }; public $publication = class Publication { ... }; public $issue = class Issue { ... }; public $citationStyle = 'modern-language-association'; public $returnJson = FALSE; protected $_apiToken = NULL; public $_id = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_checks = [...]; public $_roleAssignments = [...]; public $_authorizationDecisionManager = class AuthorizationDecisionManager { ... }; public $_enforceRestrictedSite = TRUE; public $_roleAssignmentsChecked = FALSE; public $_isBackendPage = FALSE }, 1 => 'get'], $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '236', 'submissionId' => '236']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'albasirah.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' }, $args = [0 => 'modern-language-association'], $validate = FALSE )...\PKPPageRouter.inc.php:246
60.07812686240CitationStyleLanguageHandler->get( $args = [0 => 'modern-language-association'], $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '236', 'submissionId' => '236']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'albasirah.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' } )...\PKPRouter.inc.php:395
70.11513278624CitationStyleLanguagePlugin->getCitation( $request = class Request { public $_router = class PageRouter { public $_installationPages = [...]; public $_page = 'citationstylelanguage'; public $_op = 'get'; public $_indexUrl = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php'; public $_cacheFilename = NULL; public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { ... }; public $_contextDepth = 1; public $_contextList = [...]; public $_flippedContextList = [...]; public $_contextPaths = [...]; public $_contexts = [...]; public $_handler = class CitationStyleLanguageHandler { ... } }; public $_dispatcher = class Dispatcher { public $_application = class Application { ... }; public $_routerNames = [...]; public $_routerInstances = [...]; public $_router = class PageRouter { ... }; public $_requestCallbackHack = NULL }; public $_requestVars = ['publicationId' => '236', 'submissionId' => '236']; public $_basePath = ''; public $_requestPath = NULL; public $_isRestfulUrlsEnabled = FALSE; public $_isPathInfoEnabled = TRUE; public $_serverHost = 'albasirah.numl.edu.pk'; public $_protocol = 'https'; public $_isBot = NULL; public $_userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)' }, $article = class Submission { public $_data = ['id' => 236, 'contextId' => 1, 'currentPublicationId' => 236, 'dateLastActivity' => '2024-08-22 07:23:35', 'dateSubmitted' => '2024-08-22 07:23:35', 'lastModified' => '2024-08-22 07:14:30', 'locale' => 'en_US', 'stageId' => 5, 'status' => 3, 'submissionProgress' => 0, 'publications' => [...]]; public $_hasLoadableAdapters = TRUE; public $_metadataExtractionAdapters = []; public $_extractionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE; public $_metadataInjectionAdapters = []; public $_injectionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE }, $citationStyle = 'modern-language-association', $issue = class Issue { public $_data = ['id' => 6, 'journalId' => 1, 'volume' => 9, 'number' => '02', 'year' => 2020, 'published' => 1, 'current' => 0, 'datePublished' => '2020-12-31 00:00:00', 'lastModified' => '2024-08-22 06:19:17', 'accessStatus' => 1, 'showVolume' => 1, 'showNumber' => 1, 'showYear' => 1, 'showTitle' => 1, 'urlPath' => '', 'title' => [...], 'description' => [...], 'coverImage' => [...]]; public $_hasLoadableAdapters = FALSE; public $_metadataExtractionAdapters = []; public $_extractionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE; public $_metadataInjectionAdapters = []; public $_injectionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE }, $publication = class Publication { public $_data = ['id' => 236, 'accessStatus' => 0, 'datePublished' => '2020-12-31', 'lastModified' => '2024-08-22 07:23:35', 'sectionId' => 5, 'seq' => 6, 'submissionId' => 236, 'status' => 3, 'version' => 1, 'categoryIds' => [...], 'copyrightYear' => 2024, 'issueId' => 6, 'pages' => '', 'pub-id::doi' => '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236', 'abstract' => [...], 'copyrightHolder' => [...], 'prefix' => [...], 'subtitle' => [...], 'title' => [...], 'locale' => 'en_US', 'authors' => [...], 'keywords' => [...], 'subjects' => [...], 'disciplines' => [...], 'languages' => [...], 'supportingAgencies' => [...], 'galleys' => [...]]; public $_hasLoadableAdapters = FALSE; public $_metadataExtractionAdapters = []; public $_extractionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE; public $_metadataInjectionAdapters = []; public $_injectionAdaptersLoaded = FALSE } )...\CitationStyleLanguageHandler.inc.php:45
80.12163335768Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->render( $data = [0 => class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { ... }; public $author = [...]; public $issued = class stdClass { ... }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' }], $mode = 'bibliography', $citationItems = ???, $citationAsArray = ??? )...\CitationStyleLanguagePlugin.inc.php:423
90.13053792480Seboettg\CiteProc\CiteProc->bibliography( $data = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Data\DataList { private $subsequentAuthorSubstitute = '---'; private $subsequentAuthorSubstituteRule = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Options\SubsequentAuthorSubstituteRule { protected $value = 'complete-all' }; protected $array = [0 => class stdClass { ... }] } )...\CiteProc.php:183
100.13053792480Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Bibliography->render( $data = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Data\DataList { private $subsequentAuthorSubstitute = '---'; private $subsequentAuthorSubstituteRule = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Options\SubsequentAuthorSubstituteRule { protected $value = 'complete-all' }; protected $array = [0 => class stdClass { ... }] }, $citationNumber = ??? )...\CiteProc.php:137
110.13053792480Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->render( $data = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Data\DataList { private $subsequentAuthorSubstitute = '---'; private $subsequentAuthorSubstituteRule = class Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Options\SubsequentAuthorSubstituteRule { protected $value = 'complete-all' }; protected $array = [0 => class stdClass { ... }] }, $citationItems = NULL )...\Bibliography.php:76
120.13053793184Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Layout->renderSingle( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2020-12-31' }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' }, $citationNumber = 0 )...\Layout.php:97
130.13053793800Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Group->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2020-12-31' }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' }, $citationNumber = 0 )...\Layout.php:130
140.13053794416Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2020-12-31' }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' }, $citationNumber = 0 )...\Group.php:113
150.13053794416Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Text->renderMacro( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2020-12-31' }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' } )...\Text.php:118
160.13053794416Seboettg\CiteProc\Style\Macro->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2020-12-31' }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' }, $citationNumber = ??? )...\Text.php:282
170.13063795032Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Names->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2020-12-31' }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' }, $citationNumber = NULL )...\Macro.php:86
180.13063795648Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->render( $data = class stdClass { public $type = 'article-journal'; public $id = 236; public $title = 'کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ'; public $container-title = 'Al Basirah'; public $publisher-place = NULL; public $abstract = '<p>Crypto Currency is nowadays predictable as one of the significant advanced areas<br>in the field of Islamic Finance. This has led to the initiation of crypto currency<br>projects in various Islamic countries via the setup of crypto currency exchange. It<br>is imperative for the progress of the crypto currency economy to understand<br>whether the crypto currency is halal for Muslims or otherwise. Most of the<br>existing written work regarding crypto currency has name bi'...; public $container-title-short = 'Al Basirah'; public $volume = '9'; public $issue = '02'; public $section = 'Urdu Section'; public $URL = 'https://albasirah.numl.edu.pk/index.php/alb/article/view/236'; public $accessed = class stdClass { public $raw = '2026-05-13' }; public $author = [0 => class stdClass { ... }, 1 => class stdClass { ... }]; public $issued = class stdClass { public $raw = '2020-12-31' }; public $DOI = '10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236' }, $var = 'author', $citationNumber = NULL )...\Names.php:210
190.13063795776Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->handleSubsequentAuthorSubstitution( $data = [0 => class stdClass { public $family = 'حافظ محمد حسن محمود' }, 1 => class stdClass { public $family = 'ڈاکٹر الطاف حسین لنگڑیال' }], $citationNumber = NULL )...\Name.php:137
200.13063795776Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->getFormattedNames( $data = [0 => class stdClass { public $family = 'حافظ محمد حسن محمود' }, 1 => class stdClass { public $family = 'ڈاکٹر الطاف حسین لنگڑیال' }] )...\Name.php:424
210.14203830352Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->formatName( $nameItem = class stdClass { public $family = 'ڈاکٹر الطاف حسین لنگڑیال' }, $rank = 1 )...\Name.php:439
220.14203830768Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->getNamesString( $name = class stdClass { public $family = 'ڈاکٹر الطاف حسین لنگڑیال' }, $rank = 1 )...\Name.php:191
230.14203830768Seboettg\CiteProc\Rendering\Name\Name->nameOrder( $data = class stdClass { public $family = 'ڈاکٹر الطاف حسین لنگڑیال' }, $rank = 1 )...\Name.php:210
حافظ محمد حسن محمود, and ڈاکٹر الطاف حسین لنگڑیال. “کرپٹو کرنسی پر معاصر لٹریچرکا مقاصد شریعہ کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ”. Al Basirah, vol. 9, no. 02, Dec. 2020, doi:10.52015/albasirah.v9i02.236.